浅析茯苓“角药”在《伤寒杂病论》中的配伍与应用

"角药"是由3味中药联合应用、配伍而成,相辅相成,互为犄角。《伤寒杂病论》中包含着大量的角药运用,根据其在方剂中发挥作用的不同。文章分别从独立成方、方剂中主要作用、方剂中次要或辅助作用以及多组角药联合作用4个方面对经方中茯苓"角药"进行详细的梳理和分析,以期为临床提供指导与参考。     

会阴侧切切口感染危险因素及对患者Th1/Th2细胞因子水平的影响

目的探究会阴侧切切口感染危险因素及对患者Th1/Th2细胞因子水平的影响。方法从2018年1月-2019年1月于乳山市人民医院足月分娩行会阴侧切的产妇中随机抽样150例作为研究对象,根据是否继发切口感染,分为感染组52例和未感染组98例;制定调查表格,收集患者的临床资料,分析感染影响因素。所有受检对象均抽取外周静脉血3 ml,采用流式细胞分选技术(fluorescence-activated cell sorting,FACS)检测Th1、Th2细胞水平,计算Th1/Th2比值,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法检测γ-干扰素(Interferon-γ,IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-4(interleukin 4,IL-4)水平,计算两者比值。结果单因素分析显示:体质量指数、产程、妊娠期糖尿病、贫血、羊水污染及感染前住院时间是产妇会阴侧切术后切口感染的影响因素(P<0.05);多因素回归显示:体质量指数≥25 kg/m^2、产程≥8 h、合并妊娠期糖尿病、贫血、羊水污染及感染前住院时间≥72 h是产妇会阴侧切术后切口感染的危险因素(P<0.05);感染组的Th1细胞(15.29±4.52)、Th2细胞(7.13±2.89)高于非感染组,而Th1/Th2比值(2.47±0.86)低于非感染组(P<0.05);感染组的血清IFN-γ(31.46±4.19)pg/ml、IL-4(23.42±2.87)pg/ml高于非感染组,而IFN-γ/IL-4(1.25±0.13)低于非感染组(P<0.05)。结论产妇会阴侧切术后切口感染的影响因素较多,应采取针对性的干预措施,降低感染发生率。侧切切口感染产妇体内存在Th细胞亚群失衡现象,炎症因子水平紊乱。     

Does perturbation in the mitochondrial protein folding pave the way for neurodegeneration diseases?

Mitochondria, which are cell compartments that are widely present in eukaryotic cells, have been shown to be involved in a variety of synthetic, metabolic, and signaling processes, thereby playing a vital role in cells. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR) is a response in which mitochondria reverse the signal to the nucleus and maintain mitochondrial protein homeostasis when unfolded and misfolded proteins continue to accumulate. Multiple neurodegeneration diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS), are public health challenges. Every year, countless efforts are expended trying to clarify the pathogenesis and treatment of neurological disorders, which are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction to some extent. Numerous studies have shown that mtUPR is involved in and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, but the exact mechanism of the disorders is still unclear. Further study of the process of mtUPR in neurological disorders can help us more accurately understand their pathogenesis in order to provide new therapeutic targets. In this paper, we briefly review mtUPR signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and mammals and summarize the role of mtUPR in neurodegeneration diseases, including AD, PD and fALS.     

唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折：提高骨密度、预防椎体再骨折、远期疗效评价的Meta分析

文题释义：椎体后凸成形：采用椎体内置入气囊的方法通过扩张使椎体复位，在椎体内部形成空隙，减小骨水泥注入所需的推力，使骨水泥在椎体内不易流动，可有效解除或缓解疼痛、恢复病椎高度，但临床发现仍存在骨水泥渗漏等风险。 唑来膦酸：椎体后凸成形已被广泛应用于骨质疏松性压缩骨折的治疗，临床疗效显著，然而如何有效改善骨质疏松状况成为临床面临的重要问题。唑来膦酸是双膦酸盐类药物，可有效抑制骨吸收，降低再发骨折风险，改善骨折患者的功能评分。 背景：临床应用唑来膦酸治疗骨质疏松症缺乏系统的科学评价和循证学依据，因此目前对于唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效尚无明确定论。 目的：系统评价唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效。 方法：应用计算机检索公开发表在CNKI、万方、维普等中文数据库及CBM、PubMed、Cochrane等英文数据库中，有关唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的随机对照试验，试验组治疗方式为唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形，对照组治疗方式为椎体后凸成形，时间截止至2019年9月。由2位研究员独立进行文献筛选、数据提取，按Cochrane协作网标准对纳入随机对照试验逐个进行质量评价，采用RevMan 5.3软件对符合纳入标准的研究进行统计分析。 结果与结论：①最终纳入5篇文献，均为随机对照研究，试验组患者175例，对照组患者184例；②统计分析结果显示：试验组治疗后12个月的骨密度高于对照组[MD=0.12，95%CI(0.08，0.17)，P < 0.000 01]，治疗后6，12个月的目测类比评分低于对照组[MD=0.46，95%CI(0.18，0.75)，P=0.002；MD=0.85，95%CI(0.20，1.50)，P=0.01]，治疗后1年的Oswestry功能障碍指数评分低于对照组[MD=6.59，95%CI(4.77，8.41)，P < 0.000 01]，骨水泥渗漏率、椎体骨折再发率低于对照组[OR=0.22，95%CI(0.08，0.59)，P=0.003；OR=0.18，95%CI(0.07，0.50)，P=0.000 8]；两组椎体高度恢复、椎体后凸Cobb角比较差异无显著性意义[MD=0.65，95%CI(-0.27，1.56)，P=0.16；MD=-0.60，95%CI(-2.45，1.25)，P=0.53]；③结果表明与单独应用椎体后凸成形相比，唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形在提高骨密度值、减少椎体骨折再发率、改善患者远期临床症状、预防骨水泥骨水泥渗漏等并发症方面具有显著优势，但后期仍需大量高质量的多中心随机对照研究提供更充足的证据。 ORCID: 0000-0001-8871-3539(李凯明) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程     

Epidemiological time-trend of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) over two decades: The French population-based register of ALS in Limousin (FRALim register)

IntroductionPopulation-based registers are key to understanding disease patterns. Taking advantage of the long-standing operation of the French register of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in Limousin (FRALim register), we sought to determine the time trends in incidence, clinical features and survival of ALS patients from 2000 to 2020.MethodsFRALim register included incident cases through multiple sources of ascertainment. A capture–recapture method was used to assess the exhaustiveness of case ascertainment. Crude and standardized incidences were calculated per 100,000 person-years of follow-up (PYFU). Time-period was divided (period 2000 to 2010 and period 2011 to 2020) to compare incidence rates and clinical features. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards model was performed to calculate hazards for the time periods.ResultsOverall, 501 incident cases were identified during 21 years. The overall crude incidence was 3.26 (95% CI 2.97 to 3.55) per 100 000 PYFU. The exhaustiveness of the register was estimated at 98.8% (95% CI 97.4–99.6%) by capture–recapture analysis. Several fluctuations were observed without a consistent trend over the last two decades. The crude and standardized incidences were higher in males than females. The peak of incidence was observed in the 75–79 years age band. Almost one-third of the cases exhibited a bulbar onset. There were significant differences in clinical features between time periods. Four hundred and ninety-one cases were included in the survival analysis. The median survival time from diagnosis was 16.0 months (95% CI 14.3 to 17.7 months). Patients in the last decade experienced a lower risk of dying but the difference did not reach statistical significance (adjusted HR: 0.89 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.08, P = 0.229).ConclusionWe provided reliable epidemiological data over two decades. We showed that incidence has been relatively stable, while clinical variability was observed. A slight improvement in survival time was found in the last decade but it was not statistically significant. Further quality register data are needed to improve our understanding of ALS epidemiological trends.